Zvinhu zvikuru
Pakati pa2015 na2050, huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu huchapetwa kaviri kubva pa12% kusvika pa22%.
Panosvika gore ra2020, huwandu hwevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira huchapfuura huwandu hwevana vari pasi pemakore mashanu.
Muna 2050, 80% yevanhu vakwegura vachange vachigara munyika dzine mari shoma nepakati.
Kukurumidza kwekukwegura kwevanhu kuri kukurumidza kupfuura kare.
Nyika dzese dziri kutarisana nematambudziko makuru ekuona kuti hutano hwavo nemagariro evanhu zvakagadzirira kushandisa zvakanyanya shanduko iyi yevanhu.
Pfupiso
Vanhu pasi rose vari kurarama kwenguva yakareba. Nhasi uno vanhu vazhinji vanogona kutarisira kurarama kusvika pamakore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira. Nyika dzese pasi rose dziri kuona kukura kwehukuru pamwe nehuwandu hwevanhu vakwegura muhuwandu hwevanhu.
Panosvika gore ra2030, munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vatanhatu pasi rose anenge ava nemakore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira. Panguva ino huwandu hwevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira huchawedzera kubva pabhiriyoni imwe chete muna 2020 kusvika pabhiriyoni imwe nehafu. Panosvika gore ra2050, huwandu hwevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira pasi rose huchapetwa kaviri (2.1 bhiriyoni). Huwandu hwevanhu vane makore makumi masere zvichikwira hunotarisirwa kuwedzera katatu pakati pa2020 na2050 kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi maviri nematanhatu.
Kunyange hazvo shanduko iyi mukupararira kwevanhu munyika ichienda kuzera revakuru - inozivikanwa sekuti kukwegura kwevanhu - yakatanga munyika dzine mari yakawanda (semuenzaniso muJapan 30% yevanhu vatove nemakore anopfuura 60), ikozvino nyika dzine mari shoma nepakati dziri kusangana nekuchinja kukuru. Panosvika gore ra2050, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevanhu pasi rose vane makore anopfuura 60 vachagara munyika dzine mari shoma nepakati.
Kukwegura kwakatsanangurwa
Padanho rezvehupenyu, kukwegura kunokonzerwa nekuunganidzwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ekukuvadzwa kwemamorekuru nemasero nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinotungamira kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kwesimba remuviri nepfungwa, njodzi inowedzera yezvirwere uye pakupedzisira rufu. Kuchinja uku hakuna kurongeka kana kuenderana, uye kunongobatanidzwa zvishoma nezera remunhu mumakore. Kusiyana kunoonekwa mukukwegura hakusi kwetsaona. Kunze kwekuchinja kwezvehupenyu, kukwegura kunowanzobatanidzwa nedzimwe shanduko dzehupenyu dzakadai sekurega basa, kutamira kune imwe nzvimbo yakakodzera uye kufa kweshamwari nevadikani.
Matambudziko ehutano akajairika ane chekuita nekukwegura
Zvirwere zvinowanzoitika muvanhu vakuru zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa nekunzwa, cataract uye refractive errors, kurwadziwa kwemusana nemutsipa uye osteoarthritis, chirwere chemapapu chisingaperi, chirwere cheshuga, kuora mwoyo uye dementia. Vanhu pavanokura, vanowanzosangana nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana panguva imwe chete.
Kukwegura kunoratidzwawo nekubuda kwezvirwere zvakawanda zvakaoma zvinowanzonzi geriatric syndromes. Izvi zvinowanzokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinosanganisira kushaya simba, kusazvidzora pakuita weti, kudonha, kupenga uye maronda epressure.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kukwegura kwakanaka
Hupenyu hurefu hunounza mikana, kwete chete kune vakwegura nemhuri dzavo, asiwo kune nzanga yose. Makore ekuwedzera anopa mukana wekutevera mabasa matsva akadai sedzidzo yepamusoro, basa idzva kana chido chagara chakaregeredzwa. Vanhu vakwegura vanobatsirawo nenzira dzakawanda kumhuri dzavo nenharaunda dzavo. Asi huwandu hwemikana iyi nemipiro zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nechinhu chimwe chete: hutano.
Humbowo hunoratidza kuti huwandu hwehupenyu muhutano hwakanaka hwaramba hwakafanana, zvichireva kuti makore ekuwedzera ari muhutano husina kunaka. Kana vanhu vakakwanisa kuwana makore aya ekuwedzera ehupenyu muhutano hwakanaka uye kana vakagara munzvimbo inotsigira, kugona kwavo kuita zvinhu zvavanokoshesa hakuzove kwakasiyana zvakanyanya nekwemunhu mudiki. Kana makore aya ekuwedzera akadzorwa nekuderera kwesimba remuviri nepfungwa, zvinokanganisa vanhu vakwegura uye nzanga.
Kunyangwe zvimwe zvekusiyana kwehutano hwevanhu vakwegura zvichibva pamajini, zvakawanda zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro emuviri evanhu uye emagariro avo - kusanganisira misha yavo, nharaunda, uye nharaunda, pamwe nehunhu hwavo - senge bonde ravo, rudzi rwavo, kana mamiriro avo ehupfumi. Nzvimbo dzinogara vanhu vachiri vana - kana kunyangwe vachiri kukura kwevana - pamwe chete nehunhu hwavo, dzine mhedzisiro yenguva refu pakukwegura kwavo.
Nzvimbo dzemuviri nedzemagariro evanhu dzinogona kukanganisa hutano zvakananga kana kuburikidza nezvipingamupinyi kana zvinokurudzira zvinokanganisa mikana, zvisarudzo uye maitiro ehutano. Kuramba uine hunhu hwakanaka muhupenyu hwese, kunyanya kudya chikafu chakaringana, kuita maekisesaizi emuviri nguva dzose uye kusashandisa fodya, zvese zvinobatsira mukuderedza njodzi yezvirwere zvisingatapuriranwe, kuvandudza kugona kwemuviri nepfungwa uye kunonoka kuvimba nekutarisira.
Nzvimbo dzinotsigira muviri uye dzemagariro dzinobatsirawo vanhu kuti vaite zvinhu zvakakosha kwavari, pasinei nekurasikirwa kwesimba ravo. Kuwanikwa kwezvivakwa zveveruzhinji zvakachengeteka uye zvinosvikika, uye nzvimbo dziri nyore kufamba-famba, mienzaniso yenzvimbo dzinotsigira. Mukugadzira mhinduro yehutano hweveruzhinji pakukwegura, zvakakosha kwete kungofunga nezvenzira dzemunhu mumwe nemumwe uye dzezvakatipoteredza dzinovandudza kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekukwegura, asiwo idzo dzinogona kusimbisa kupora, kugadzirisa uye kukura kwepfungwa.
Matambudziko mukugadzirisa kukwegura kwevanhu
Hakuna munhu mukuru chaiye. Vamwe vane makore makumi masere vane simba remuviri nepfungwa rakafanana nerevamwe vane makore makumi matatu. Vamwe vanhu vanowana kudzikira kukuru kwesimba remuviri vachiri vadiki. Mhinduro yakazara yehutano hweveruzhinji inofanira kugadzirisa ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana rwevanhu vakuru nezvinodiwa navo.
Kusiyana-siyana kunoonekwa mukukwegura hakusi kwetsaona. Chikamu chikuru chinobva munzvimbo dzevanhu dzemuviri nedzemagariro pamwe nekukanganiswa kwenzvimbo idzi pamikana yavo nemaitiro avo ehutano. Hukama hwatinahwo nenzvimbo dzedu hunokanganiswa nehunhu hwedu hwakadai semhuri yatakaberekerwa mairi, bonde redu uye rudzi rwedu, zvichikonzera kusaenzana kwehutano.
Vanhu vakwegura vanowanzoonekwa sevasina simba kana kuti vanovimba nevamwe uye mutoro kunzanga. Nyanzvi dzezvehutano hweveruzhinji, pamwe nenzanga yose, dzinofanira kugadzirisa mafungiro aya nemamwe evakwegura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera rusarura, zvinokanganisa nzira inogadzirwa nayo mitemo nemikana iyo vanhu vakwegura vane yekukwegura vane hutano.
Kudyidzana kwenyika, budiriro yetekinoroji (semuenzaniso, mukufambisa nekutaurirana), kutamira mumaguta, kutama kwevanhu pamwe nekuchinja kwetsika dzevanhurume nevanhukadzi zviri kukanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu vakuru nenzira dzakananga nedzisina kunanga. Mhinduro yehutano hweveruzhinji inofanira kuongorora mafambiro aripo uye anotarisirwa uye kuronga marongero zvinoenderana.
Mhinduro yeWHO
Sangano reUnited Nations General Assembly rakazivisa gore ra2021-2030 seGumi Remakore Rekukwegura Kwakanaka uye rakakumbira WHO kuti itungamire kutangwa kwechirongwa ichi. Gumi Remakore Rekukwegura Kwakanaka ibasa repasi rose rinobatanidza hurumende, masangano everuzhinji, masangano epasi rose, nyanzvi, nyanzvi dzedzidzo, vezvenhau nebazi rakazvimirira kwemakore gumi ekuita kwakabatana, kunosimudzira uye kushandira pamwe chete kukurudzira hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano.
Gumi remakore iri rinovakira pachirongwa cheWHO Global Strategy and Action Plan pamwe neUnited Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing uye rinotsigira kuzadzikiswa kweUnited Nations Agenda 2030 paSustainable Development uye Zvinangwa zveSustainable Development.
Gumi Remakore Rekukwegura Kwakanaka (2021–2030) rinoedza kuderedza kusarongeka kwehutano nekuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu vakwegura, mhuri dzavo nenharaunda kuburikidza nekushanda pamwe chete munzvimbo ina: kushandura mafungiro edu, manzwiro edu uye maitiro edu maererano nekukwegura uye kusakura; kugadzira nharaunda nenzira dzinosimudzira kugona kwevanhu vakwegura; kupa rubatsiro rwakabatana rwakatarisana nemunhu uye masevhisi ehutano hwekutanga anoteerera vakwegura; uye kupa vanhu vakwegura vanoda rubatsiro rwacho mukana wekuwana rubatsiro rwemhando yepamusoro rwenguva refu.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-24-2021
