Zvinhu zvinokosha
Pakati pa2015 na2050, chikamu chehuwandu hwepasi rose makore makumi matanhatu chinoda kupeta kaviri kubva pa12% kusvika pa22%.
Panosvika 2020, huwandu hwevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira huchapfuura vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu.
Muna 2050, 80% yevanhu vakwegura vachange vachigara munyika dzine mari yakaderera uye yepakati.
Nhanho yekukwegura kwevanhu inokurumidza kupfuura kare.
Nyika dzese dzinosangana nematambudziko makuru kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti hutano hwavo uye hurongwa hwemagariro akagadzirira kuita zvakanyanya mukushanduka kwevanhu.
Overview
Vanhu munyika yose vari kurarama kwenguva refu. Nhasi vanhu vazhinji vanogona kutarisira kurarama kusvika makumi matanhatu uye kupfuura. Nyika imwe neimwe pasi rose iri kuona kukura muzvose zviri zviviri ukuru uye chiyero chevanhu vakura muhuwandu.
Panosvika 2030, munhu mumwe chete pavatanhatu munyika yose anenge ava nemakore 60 kana kupfuura. Panguva ino mugove wehuwandu hwevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira uchawedzera kubva pabhiriyoni imwe muna 2020 kusvika pamabhiriyoni 1,4. Panosvika gore ra2050, huwandu hwenyika hwevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira huchapeta kaviri (2.1 bhiriyoni). Huwandu hwevanhu vane makore 80 zvichikwira hunotarisirwa kupeta katatu pakati pa2020 na2050 kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi maviri nematanhatu.
Nepo shanduko iyi mukugovaniswa kwehuwandu hwenyika kuenda kumazera echikuru - inozivikanwa sekuchembera kwevanhu - yakatanga munyika dzine mari yakawanda (semuJapan 30% yevagari yatova nemakore anopfuura makumi matanhatu), iko zvino yave yakaderera-uye yepakati- nyika dzine mari dziri kusangana neshanduko huru. Panosvika 2050, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvehuwandu hwevanhu pasi rose mumakore makumi matanhatu vachange vachigara munyika dzine mari yepasi nepakati.
Kuchembera kwakatsanangura
Payero yebhayoloji, kuchembera kunobva mukukanganiswa kwekuunganidzwa kweakasiyana siyana ekukuvadzwa kwema molecular uye cellular nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kwesimba remuviri nepfungwa, njodzi inokura yechirwere uye pakupedzisira rufu. Shanduko idzi hadzina mutsara kana kuenderana, uye dzinongobatana zvakasununguka nezera remunhu mumakore. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoonekwa muzera rekukura hazvisi nyore. Kupfuura shanduko yebiological, kuchembera kunowanzo kusanganiswa nedzimwe shanduko dzehupenyu sekuenda pamudyandigere, kutamira kune imwe imba yakakodzera uye kufa kweshamwari uye vadyidzani.
Mamiriro ehutano akajairika anoenderana nekuchembera
Mamiriro ezvinhu akajairika muzera rekuchembera anosanganisira kurasikirwa nekunzwa, cataract uye refractive zvikanganiso, musana nemutsipa kurwadziwa uye osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chirwere cheshuga, depression uye dementia. Sezvo vanhu vachikura, vanowanzosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akati wandei panguva imwe chete.
Kuchembera kunoratidzwawo nekubuda kwenzvimbo dzakati wandei dzehutano dzakaomarara dzinowanzonzi geriatric syndromes. Izvo zvinowanzova mhedzisiro yezvakawanda zvinokonzeresa zvinhu uye zvinosanganisira kushaya simba, weti incontinence, kudonha, delirium uye kumanikidza maronda.
Zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kuchembera kune utano
Upenyu hurefu hunounza mikana, kwete chete kuvanhu vakuru nemhuri dzavo, asiwo kunzanga yose zvayo. Mamwe makore anopa mukana wekuita mabasa matsva akadai sekuwedzera dzidzo, basa idzva kana chishuwo chakaregeredzwa kwenguva refu. Vanhu vakwegura vanopawo nenzira dzakawanda kumhuri dzavo nenzanga. Zvakadaro kuwanda kwemikana iyi nemipiro kunoenderana zvakanyanya pane chimwe chinhu: hutano.
Uchapupu hunoratidza kuti chikamu chehupenyu muhutano hwakanaka chakaramba chiripo, zvichireva kuti mamwe makore ari muhutano husina kunaka. Kana vanhu vachigona kuwana aya makore okuwedzera oupenyu muutano hwakanaka uye kana vachigara munzvimbo inotsigira, kukwanisa kwavo kuita zvinhu zvavanokoshesa kuchave kwakasiyana zvikuru nouko kwomunhu muduku. Kana aya makore akawedzerwa achidzorwa nekuderera kwesimba remuviri nerepfungwa, zvinorehwa kune vanhu vakura uye kunzanga zvakanyanya kuipa.
Kunyange zvazvo kumwe kusiyana kweutano hwevakweguru kunokonzerwa nemasikirwo akaitwa vanhu, magariro nemagariro evanhu - kusanganisira dzimba dzavo, vavakidzani, nenharaunda, pamwe nehunhu hwavo - hwakadai sehunhu hwavo hwepabonde, dzinza, kana magariro nemagariro. Mamiriro ezvinhu anogara vanhu sevana - kana kunyange sekukura kwemafetus - akasanganiswa nehunhu hwavo, ane mhedzisiro yenguva refu pamazera avanokura.
Mamiriro emuviri nemagariro anogona kukanganisa hutano zvakananga kana kuburikidza nezvipingamupinyi kana zvinokurudzira zvinokanganisa mikana, sarudzo uye maitiro ehutano. Kuchengetedza maitiro ane hutano muhupenyu hwose, kunyanya kudya kudya kwakakwana, kuita basa rekuita muviri nguva dzose uye kurega kushandisa fodya, zvose zvinobatsira kuderedza njodzi yezvirwere zvisingatapukirwe, kuvandudza simba remuviri nepfungwa uye kunonoka kutarisira kutarisirwa.
Nzvimbo dzinotsigira dzemuviri uye dzemagariro dzinogonesawo vanhu kuita zvakakosha kwavari, zvisinei nekurasikirwa mukugona. Kuvepo kwezvivakwa zvakachengeteka uye zvinosvikika zveveruzhinji uye zvifambiso, uye nzvimbo dziri nyore kufamba-famba, mienzaniso yenzvimbo dzinotsigira. Mukugadzira mhinduro yehutano hweveruzhinji pakuchembera, zvakakosha kwete kungofunga nzira dzemunhu uye dzezvakatipoteredza dzinonatsiridza kurasikirwa kwakabatana nekukwegura, asiwo izvo zvinogona kusimbisa kupora, kugadzirisa uye kukura kwepfungwa.
Zvinetso mukupindura kuchembera kwevanhu
Hakuna munhu mukuru chaiye. Vamwe vane makore 80 okukura vane masimba omuviri nepfungwa akafanana nevazhinji vane makore 30 okukura. Vamwe vanhu vanoona kuderera kukuru kwehunyanzvi pazera diki. Mhinduro yezveutano hweveruzhinji izere inofanirwa kugadzirisa huwandu hwakasiyana-siyana hwezviitiko nezvido zvevanhu vakuru.
Kusiyana-siyana kunoonekwa muzera rekukura hakusi kwechinyakare. Chikamu chikuru chinobva kumagariro evanhu nemagariro evanhu uye kukanganisa kwenzvimbo idzi pamikana yavo uye maitiro ehutano. Hukama hwatinahwo nemhoteredzo yedu hunotsveyamiswa nehunhu hwemunhu hwakadai semhuri yatakaberekerwa, bonde redu nerudzi rwedu, zvichitungamira mukusaenzana muhutano.
Vanhu vakwegura vanowanzofungidzirwa kuva vasina simba kana kuti vanotsamira uye mutoro kunzanga. Vanamazvikokota vehutano hweveruzhinji, uye nzanga yese, vanofanirwa kugadzirisa izvi uye mamwe mafungiro ezera, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kusarura, zvinokanganisa magadzirirwo emitemo uye nemikana iyo vanhu vakura vane hutano hwekuchembera.
Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose, kusimukira kweruzivo rwemichina (semuenzaniso, mukufambisa uye kufambiswa kwemashoko), kugariswa kwemaguta, kutama nekuchinja kwetsika dzevarume nevakadzi zviri kupesvedzera hupenyu hwevanhu vakwegura munzira dzakananga uye dzisina kunanga. Mhinduro yehutano hweveruzhinji inofanirwa kutora matanho aya azvino uye anofungidzirwa maitiro uye marongero anoenderana.
WHO inopindura
United Nations General Assembly yakazivisa 2021-2030 Makore gumi eKuchembera Kwehutano uye yakakumbira WHO kuti itungamire kuita. Makore gumi eKuchembera Kweutano mubatanidzwa wepasi rose unounza pamwechete hurumende, masangano everuzhinji, masangano epasi rose, nyanzvi, dzidzo, vezvenhau uye vega vega kwemakore gumi ekubatana, kusimudzira uye kushandira pamwe kusimudzira hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano.
Makore gumi anovaka paWHO Global Strategy and Action Plan uye United Nations Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging uye inotsigira kuzadzikiswa kweUnited Nations Agenda 2030 pamusoro peSustainable Development uye Sustainable Development Goals.
Makore gumi eKukwegura Kwehutano (2021-2030) inotsvaga kuderedza kusaenzana kwehutano nekuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu vakwegura, mhuri dzavo uye nharaunda kuburikidza nekuita pamwe chete munzvimbo ina: kushandura mafungiro edu, kunzwa uye kuita maererano nezera uye zera; kusimudzira nharaunda nenzira dzinosimudzira kugona kwevanhu vakwegura; kuendesa hutano hwakanangana nemunhu uye hutano hwekutanga hunoenderana nevanhu vakura; uye kupa vanhu vakwegura vanochida mukana wekuwana rubatsiro rwemhando yepamusoro kwenguva refu.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-24-2021
